Hakluyt's great collection has been called "the Prose Epic of the modern English nation" by historian James Anthony Froude. In 1612 Hakluyt became a charter member of the North-west Passage Company. English author, editor and translator (15531616), It has been suggested that the Hakluyts were originally, "Richard Hakluyt", 13 in pt. This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. . discussed in biography In Richard Hakluyt a report, known briefly as Discourse of Western Planting (written in 1584), which set out very forcefully the political and economic benefits from such a colony and the necessity for state financial support of the project. [10] In May 1585 when Hakluyt was in Paris with the English Embassy, the Queen granted to him the next prebendary at Bristol Cathedral that should become vacant,[5][15] to which he was admitted in 1585 or 1586 and held with other preferments till his death. In 1588 Hakluyt finally returned to England with Douglas Sheffield, Baroness Sheffield, after a residence in France of nearly five years. His medieval polemic concern becomes clearer when he mentions non-Christians who need to be defeated. Gerhard Mercator (1512-1594), a Belgian cartographer (mapmaker), created a more accurate map that was especially useful for ocean navigators. That this western voyage will yield unto us all the commodities of Europe, Africa, and Asia, as far as we were wont to travel, and supply the wants of all our decayed trades. The glory of God by planting of religion among those infidels. Until after the death of his wife in 1597, little is heard of any geographical work, but he then completed the greatly enlarged second edition of the Voyages, which appeared in three volumes between 1598 and 1600. The manuscript, lost for almost 300 years, was published for the first time in 1877. (Cambridge: 1877), 1-5. Kathleen Halecki possesses a B.A. for only $11.00 $9.35/page. That the Queen of England title to all the west Indies, or at the least to as much as is from Florida to the Circle arctic, is more lawful and right then the Spaniards or any other Christian Princes. An ordained priest, Hakluyt held important positions at Bristol Cathedral and Westminster Abbey and was personal chaplain to Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, principal Secretary of State to Elizabeth I and James I. EN. He took his Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) His will refers to chambers occupied by him there up to the time of his death, and in another official document he is styled Doctor of Divinity (D.D.). His attitude towards the enemies of England clearly brings out pervasive anti-Spanish sentiments that have been embraced by England to formulate national identity and create a transatlantic empire. Between 1598 and 1600 appeared the final, reconstructed and greatly enlarged edition of The Principal Navigations, Voiages, Traffiques and Discoueries of the English Nation in three volumes. However, the risk was great for everyone involved and in the case of England, encouragement was needed. 232 lessons. 2021. According to Hakluyt, Spain has transformed into the other enemy that must be defeated in the process of creating the New World. Hakluyt gave public lectureshe is regarded as the first professor of modern geography at Oxfordand was the first to display. He was the chief promoter of a petition to James I for letters patent to colonize Virginia, which were granted to the London Company and Plymouth Company (referred to collectively as the Virginia Company) in 1606. [24], In 1591, Hakluyt inherited family property upon the death of his elder brother Thomas; a year later, upon the death of his youngest brother Edmund, he inherited additional property which derived from his uncle. We will write a custom Essay on English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View specifically for you. That the Spaniards have executed most outrageous and more than Turkish cruelties in all the west Indies, whereby they are everywhere there, become most odious unto them, who would join with us or any other most willingly to shake of their most intolerable yoke, and have begun to do it already in diverse places where they were Lords heretofore. Richard Hakluyt, (born c. 1552, London, Eng. Firstly, his geographical studies were useful to merchants and explorers as guides to America. In this document, Hakluyt outlined particular points highlighting the benefits of colonization for the English people. It began with Portuguese exploring places such as the Atlantic archipelagos and the coast of Africa during the fifteenth century. His books encouraged those living in England to begin to prepare to settle in North America and found colonies that later become the basis for the future United States. Richard received a good education first at the Westminster School, and then at Christ Church, Oxford. He also mentioned that ''this enterprise will be for the manifold employment of numbers of idle men'', which would bring great relief to those who without work. to the reliefe of the colonie planted in Virginia, in . In essence, he argues that both the economic and social ambitions of England can be pursued via religious strategies. Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. 8". (2021, April 8). Hakluyt understood that in order for England to be successful and remain powerful, they would need to find new markets in which to trade goods. These latter writings, together with a few letters, are the only extant material out of which a biography of him can be framed. Richard Hakluyt was one of the first to write about the exploration of the Americas in English. As he writes in the Epistle Dedicatorie to The Principall Navigations, his cousin spoke to him of recent discoveries and of the new opportunities for trade and showed him certeine bookes of Cosmographie, with an universall Mappe. His imagination thus stirred, the schoolboy had thereupon resolved to prosecute that knowledge and kinde of literature at the university. English colonization and the introduction of new crops took place alongside a wider process now termed the Columbian exchange, the exchange of plants, animals, microbes, and people between Europe and the Americas. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. He dedicated much of his career to convincing his contemporaries about the necessity of England establishing its own colonies. Vol. What arguments does Hakluyt present in making a case for colonization? A note of some things to be prepared for the voyage which is set down rather to draw the takers of the voyage in hande to the present consideration then for any other reason for that diverse things require preparation long before the voyage, without which the voyage is maimed. IV ("The Literature of the Sea") of vol. What does the evidence from the text suggest about Hakluyts conception of race? This can be interpreted to mean understanding the weaknesses and strengths of the colonized. This, the prose epic of the English nation, is more than a documentary history of exploration and adventure; with tales of daring it mingles historical, diplomatic, and economic papers to establish English right to sovereignty at sea and to a place in overseas settlement. This will be made possible because England will easily secure raw materials and control strategic ports. (Cambridge: 1877), 1-5. Though Hakluyt neglected to mention its origin, the . The increase of the force of the Christians. That this voyage will be a great bridle to the Indies of the king of Spaine and a means that we may arrest at our pleasure for the space of time weeks or three months every year, one or two hundred sail of his subjects shipped at the fishing in Newfoundland. Hence, religion is a careful strategy aimed at providing compassion and hope for the poor natives and the low-class English population while punishing the wicked through doctrinal or religious teachings. That this voyage will be a great bridle to the Indies of the king of Spaine and a means that we may arrest at our pleasure for the space of time weeks or three months every year, one or two hundred sail of his subjects shipped at the fishing in Newfoundland. Urging their countrymen to join in the race for the colonization of the New World were two men, an uncle and his nephew, each named Richard Hakluyt. IvyPanda. Hakluyt also saw a future for England in the creation of rich towns, and believed that travel across the ocean would come easily with speedy communication between England and her colonies. c. 1552-1616. "Richard Hakluyt contributed more to English letters, and has had more effect on English writing, than any other man who ever lived, with the possible exception of Shakespeare." How did Richard Hakluyt contribute to English history? Richard Hakluyt. The possibility of the enlarging of the dominions of the Queens Most Excellent Majesty, and consequently of her honour, revenues, and of her power by this enterprise. Richard Hakluyt, (born c. 1552, London?died November 23, 1616, England), English geographer noted for his political influence, his voluminous writings, and his persistent promotion of Elizabethan overseas expansion, especially the colonization of North America. This work was intended to encourage the young colony of Virginia; Scottish historian William Robertson wrote of Hakluyt, "England is more indebted for its American possessions than to any man of that age. He also became a minister in the Church of England. Some time before 1580 he took holy orders, and, though he never shirked his religious duties, he spent considerable time reading whatever accounts he could find about contemporary voyages and discoveries. Hakluyt's other works during his time in Paris consisted mainly of translations and compilations, with his own dedications and prefaces. This was The Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation, which, by its scholarship and comprehensiveness, transcended all geographical literature to date; the first edition, in one volume, appeared in 1589. Hakluyt is a firm believer of colonization owing to the nationalistic, social, and economic benefits it might bring to England. [10] In 1599, he became an adviser to the newly-founded East India Company, and in 1601 he edited a translation from the Portuguese of Antonio Galvo's The Discoveries of the World. IV of, It has been claimed that the Hakluyts were given "Eaton Hall" (Yatton?) While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. An answer to the Bull of the Donation of all the west Indies granted to the kings of Spain by Pope Alexander the VI who was himself a Spaniard borne. The latter term encompasses paganism, Judaism, and Islam. His major publication, The Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation (1589), provides almost everything known about the early English voyages to North America. We will write a custom Essay on English Colonization of America in Hakluyts View specifically for you for only 11.00 9.35/page. Hakluyt was born in a wealthy merchant family, his father was a skin and fur trader in 1552 in London. [33], A 14-volume critical edition of Hakluyt's Principal Navigations is being prepared by the Hakluyt Edition Project for Oxford University Press under the general editorship of Daniel Carey, National University of Ireland, Galway, and Claire Jowitt, University of East Anglia.[34]. In 1589 he published the first edition of his chief work, The Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation, using eyewitness accounts as far as possible. Updates? This essay on English Colonization of America in Hakluyts View was written and submitted by your fellow Hakluyt living during an interesting period in history called the Age of Exploration or sometimes the Age of Discovery. The most comprehensive portrait yet of Richard Hakluyt, indefatigable promoter of English colonization in America Richard Hakluyt the younger, a contemporary of William Shakespeare, advocated the creation of English colonies in the New World at a time when the advantages of this idea were far from self-evident. All rights reserved. From an early age, he was fascinated by geography and the prospect of the colonization of America. This articleincorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Coote, Charles Henry; Beazley, Charles Raymond (1911). In that year, Hakluyt was a consultant to the Company when it was renewing its charter. In the preface to this he announced the intended publication of the first terrestrial globe made in England by Emery Molyneux. IvyPanda. Unfortunately, his wealth was squandered by his only son. That the limits of the king of Spains dominions in the West Indies be nothing so large as is generally imagined and surmised, neither those parts which he holdeth be of any such forces as is falsely given out by the popish Clergy and others his suitors, to terrify the Princes of the Religion and to abuse and blind them. As Spain took the lead in colonization, a great competition began between European powers. Hakluyt was not blind to the profits arising from foreign trade. According to Hakluyt, colonization will enable England to expand its markets to the New World. English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View. Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. Hakluyt studied at Christ College at Oxford University on a Queen Scholarship. 1) Rich soil 2) ease of travel 3)Increase Navel Power (build more ships)-larger ships the better 4)make their Navy so strong Was it the description of the place that made you wonder what it was like there? The Hakluyts believed that colonies were the answer to England's problems. "[21], Hakluyt prepared an English translation of Dutch jurist Hugo Grotius' Mare Liberum (1609),[22] a treatise that sought to demonstrate that the Dutch had the right to trade freely in the East Indies, contrary to Spanish and Portuguese claims of sovereignty over the seas,[23] in the early 17th century. In accordance with the instructions of Secretary Francis Walsingham, he occupied himself chiefly in collecting information of the Spanish and French movements, and "making diligent inquirie of such things as might yield any light unto our westerne discoveries in America. An edition was published by the Hakluyt Society in the 19th century as, Charter of the Virginia Company of London, Vice-Admiral Bethune (Charles Ramsay Drinkwater Bethune), "The Free Sea. The latter will, in turn, reinvigorate industrial growth and the creation of new job opportunities. This implies that they are used to advance the ideals of the English population. Some of the gentlemen of her court wished to pursue opportunities to colonize, and Hakluyt wrote Discourse on Western Planting to encourage her to lend her support to men such as Sir Walter Raleigh. Reality, Team Leader: Exploiting New Opportunities, Studies of History of Indigenous People in Canada, Native American Studies in "We Shall Remain" Series, Native American Population and Federal Policies, Native American's Journal Entries in 1875-1934. Hakluyt justifies the latter by claiming that colonization will limit the spread and expansion of the Spanish territory and subsequently jeopardize the interests of England. The pension would have lapsed in 1583, but William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, intervened to have it extended until 1586 to aid Hakluyt's geographical research.[10]. He spoke possibly four languages (including Greek, Latin, French and Italian), and his love of geography, many scholars say, was influenced by a large map he saw as a child. When Richard Hakluyt was forty years old, he sat one day in his study in London with a walrus tusk in his hands. [10], In the late 1590s Hakluyt became the client and personal chaplain of Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, Lord Burghley's son, who was to be Hakluyt's most fruitful patron. He also published numerous geographical works describing North America and early English exploration of the New World. He was the first to show "both the old imperfectly composed and the new lately reformed mappes, globes, spheares, and other instruments of this art. "English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View." This was the time when English attention was fixed on finding the northeast and northwest passages to the Orient and on Francis Drakes circumnavigation of the world. Stafford at that time was the ambassador to Paris for Queen Elizabeth I of England. [23] However, it is not clear why Hakluyt's translation was not published in his lifetime. Author of. However, Hakluyt argues that this type of colonization is not acceptable, legal, or moral. Hakluyt posits that religion plays a fundamental role in matters related to colonization since it ceases to be a peripheral concern. Cabot voyages at the end of the 15th-century mark, the beginning of the English crown's interest in overseas discoveries. This book describes in detail the life and times of Hakluyt, a trained minister who . In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. He has recently obtained a PhD in contemporary European history. Richard Hakluyt was the cousin and ward of another famous Richard Hakluyt, an attorney and early promoter of exploration, a person historians usually describe as "the elder." Mancall refers to him as "the lawyer." With the careful encourage-ment of the lawyer, Mancall's Hakluyt, conventionally known by historians In particular, he emphasizes that the economic challenges faced by Britain can be eliminated through colonial means. 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A Briefe declaration of the chief Islands in the Bay of Mexico being under the king of Spain, with their havens and forts, and what commodities they yeide. He also translated numerous works on the subject into English. Copyright 2023 - IvyPanda is operated by, English Colonization of America in Hakluyts View, Period of the Indians Discovery by Christopher Columbus, Irish in Hakluyt's "Discourse of Western Planting". That speedy planting in diverse fit places is most necessary upon these lucky western discoveries for fear of the danger of being prevented by other nations which have the like intentions, with the order thereof and other reasons therewithal alleged. [5][8], Richard Hakluyt, the second of four sons, was born in Eyton in Herefordshire in 1553. IvyPanda. She is also a writer of historical fiction. Librarian and Map Curator, Royal Geographical Society, London, 194566. Hakluyt also encouraged the production of geographical and historical writings by others. It is evident that religion can be used to colonize the native people by championing the ideals of peace and God while exploiting resources at the same time. When Richard Hakluyt was forty years old, he sat one day in his study in London with a walrus tusk in his hands. Nor did his belief in the possibility of Arctic passages to the East fade, for he was also a charter member of the Northwest Passage Company of 1612. Readers loved these accounts, and Hakluyt's work helped to promote interest in England's colonization, or settlement, of North America. [10] These religious occupations have occasioned reconsideration of the role played by spiritual concerns in Hakluyt's writings on exploration, settlement, and England's relations with its Catholic rivals. [25] The translation may also have been part of the propaganda encouraging English people to settle in Virginia. It has been asserted that the income of the East India Company was increased by 20,000 through a study of Hakluyts Voyages. A particular discourse concerning the great necessity and manifold commodities that are like to grow to this Realm of England by the Western discoveries lately attempted, Written In the year 1584 by Richard Hakluyt of Oxford at the request and direction of the right worshipful Mr. Walter Raleigh now Knight, before the coming home of his Two Barks: and is divided into xxi chapters, the Titles whereof follow in the next leaf.
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