If you would like to customise your choices, click 'Manage privacy settings'. One form of the distemper vaccine for dogs is a modified-live virus vaccine. Modern veterinary medicine continues to improve vaccines and vaccine protocols. He researched and understood the risks of over-vaccination. Aseptically rehydrate the freeze-dried vaccine with the sterile diluent provided, shake well, and administer 1 mL subcutaneously or intramuscularly. Copyright 1995-2023 Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA and its affiliates. The persistent loss of fluid leads to dehydration and septic shock which is often fatal. Check Now: Blue Buffalo Science Diet Purina Wellness 4health Canine Carry Outs Friskies Taste of the Wild See 200+ more brands. Its easy to get tricked by terminology. Vaccination Guidelines for Dogs and Cats - Animal Health Topics Cross protection against CPV type 2c was demonstrated in vaccinated puppies challenged 5weeks following second vaccination. Even if theyre not completely holistic, more vets nowadays will understand your concerns. Although the DAPP vaccine is recommended for puppies, unvaccinated adult dogs are also eligible to receive it. How Much Do Dog Vaccinations Cost? - Forbes Advisor Although dogs of all ages are susceptible, puppies that arent yet fully vaccinated have the highest risk of infection. So, does your dog really need to have a DHPP shot or 4 or 5? Luckily, with proper vaccination, dog rabies is completely preventable. 279290. Historically, annual revaccination has been recommended for this product. Distemper has nothing to do with the temperament of your dog. Dawn Filos on Instagram: "DAPP vaccine for dogs. TruCan DAPPi Dog Vaccine Elanco Animal Health - Dog Vaccines | Vaccines Today, after a series of puppy vaccinations, the DHLPP is generally given every 3 years or less. Ill talk later about how to get around these requirements., RELATED:Which vaccines does your dog need. But dont try it by yourself. This is one of several important immunizations recommended by veterinarians for most dogs. If you want your dog to have an annual checkup, thats fine. Distemper is usually combined with adenovirus. Single Dose Pet Vaccines Pet Supplies | Valley Vet 2006;117(1):75-9. For one thing, your dog will only need to receive one shot during each visit rather than five, which saves time and money and minimizes your pets discomfort. Dog Vaccinations Cost: The Shots to Expect and How to Budget Accordingly Maternal antibodies wear off over time but vets dont know exactly when. "What that means is that they change the virus in . Ettinger, Stephen, DVM, DACVIM, and Edward C. Feldman, DVM, DACVIM. Should Homer continue to get a 3-year DHPP booster? Vet Res. The average cost can average around $75100. The main concern with parvo in a puppy is that they can dehydrate very quickly. Symptoms include: vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, swollen lymph nodes, abdominal pain, and an enlarged liver.[5]. Its asking for trouble to vaccinate a sick dog and your vet should know better! If your puppy does have parvo, your vet will urge you to hospitalize him. Canine parvovirusis a serious and often fatal disease. If your pet is having an allergic reaction, it may be considered a medical emergency.5, Signs of an allergic reaction may include:5. Nobivac Canine 1-DAPPv for Animal Use - Drugs.com The standard guidelines suggest the following for the DHPP vaccine: Why do puppies need a series of vaccinations? NOBIVAC CANINE 1-DAPPv PROVIDES PROTECTION AGAINST: Canine Distemper Virus, Canine Adenovirus type 1, Canine Adenovirus type 2, Canine Parainfluenza Virus, Canine Parvovirus (modified live viruses). Now lets talk about what all these letters mean . Its a highly contagious viral disease. Heres what you need to know. Again, go to your vet if you see these symptoms in your dog as the disease can be deadly. Vaccines are generally avoided in any dog with a history of autoimmune diseases because it may cause the dog to become sick. Proven effective against 2 types of adenovirus that cause hepatitis . Parainfluenza is a virus that affects the respiratory system in dogs and is known to causekennel cough. . (H and a2 are the same thing.) PRODUCT LABEL. Begin vaccinating puppies at 68 weeks of age. And then, every year or 3 years after that, your vet will send you a reminder your dog needs his DHPP boosters.. allowed by the manufacturer. Prioritize getting your puppy the vaccine . So CAV-2 is used in vaccines because its safer. Buonavoglia C et al. 1 dose. After a dog has received several DHPP or DHLPP vaccines, a blood test commonly called a titer can be performed to measure the levels of distemper, parvo and adenovirus antibodies. He could receive 4 or 5 vaccines, when he only needs one! 2 doses, 3-4 weeks apart. Shown to be effective for the vaccination against canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type 1 (hepatitis), canine adenovirus type 2 (respiratory disease), canine parainfluenza virus and canine parvovirus. Maternal AntibodiesAntibodies from mothers milk protect newborn puppies from disease. Vaccines in this category are: [2], This vaccine is usually given to puppies at 68 weeks of age, followed by 1012 weeks of age, and then 1416 weeks of age. This combination vaccine is considered a core vaccine, which means all dogs should receive it regardless of their lifestyle. Granulomas, or hard tissue formations may occur at the site of vaccination. According to Dr Schultzs research, if your puppy has ANY positive titer at all, he isprotected for life by the vaccine. For dogs 6 weeks of age or older. Whether your vet calls it the DAPP vaccine or the DHPP vaccine for dogs, it provides the same protection. a reminder of why we recommend it. Probably not. SALE . The vaccine teaches your puppys immune system to create antibodies for these viruses, so when they come into contact with them later, theyre prepared to fight them off effectively.1. Some groomers, kennels, trainers or daycares may also tell you a current DHPP is required. But that just meansthey require it! Titers can be done at any age, but the best time is 3 weeks after vaccination. And that includes giving it only once, at the right time. by Elanco Animal Health. Pet Lotions & Creams Shop All. Vaccines have been the subject of controversy on both the human and veterinary sides. Chances are, your new dog has already had the DHPP vaccine earlier in his life so he didnt need it again. Vaccines for Dogs | VCA Animal Hospitals Parvo affects the GI tract, causing severe vomiting, diarrhea and dehydration. Protects against all known strains of CPV, including CPV-2c 2,3. Vaccines protect pets lives. Beginning at or about 6 weeks of age, give every 2 to 3 weeks until 12 weeks of age. RECOMBITEK offers a complete line of canine vaccines with: Proven efficacy against distemper in the presence of maternal antibodies;*. The vaccine is typically injected subcutaneously (under the skin). Its a complex and expensive treatment. DHPP, DAPP, DA2PP, and DAPPC are not the same. Severe cases may be fatal.3. Treatment includes supportive care, but there is no definitive cure. Humans cannot contract parvovirus, but the disease can easily pass from dog to dog via clothing and objects. 65 Ways Rabies Vaccination Can Harm Your Dog, Top 3 Reasons To Avoid The Lyme Vaccine For Dogs, Harmful Dog Vaccine Ingredients What You Need To Know, Don't Miss Our Latest Training Videos And Health Guides. Many dogs will never be exposed to leptospirosis. So that might send you rushing to vaccinate your puppy. Infected dogs may suffer from a high fever, cough, vomiting, diarrhea, and watery discharge from the nose and eyes. RELATED:Homeopathic veterinarian Dr Dee Blanco explains some of your options . Some dogs develop cloudy eyes or respiratory symptoms similar to kennel cough. The only vaccine required by law in North America is rabies. DHPP, DHLPP, Da2PP: An Expert Guide to Your Dog's Core Vaccine After studying at Madrid University in Spain, she spent 35 years in international banking before joining Dogs Naturally Magazine in 2010. Saturday, 10am - 7pm EST Vaccines and routine care - 1 st . In-depth information about canine vaccinations and veterinary best practices. Jenna Stregowski is the Pet Health and Behavior Editor for, The Spruce Pets uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Like the others, coronavirus is transmitted through contaminated fecal material, food or water bowls, or contact with a previously infected dog. PRODUCT LABEL. To find a holistic or homeopathic vet near you or to find one who will do phone consultations, visit The Academy Of Veterinary Homeopathy or the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association. Take, for example, Lady Gaga, a 10-year-old Toy Poodle living in a suburban neighborhood who is rarely off-leash. Inject one dose (1mL) subcutaneously or intramuscularly. DA2PPC also protects against the more virulent strain, adenovirus Type 1 (see canine adenovirus). Watch out for this one, because more and more vets seem to be giving it routinely. And the vet says lets give Rover his shots while hes here.. But it doesnt need to include a vaccine! Affordable Pet Vaccination Packages & Prices - Vetco Clinics TOP SELLER. 2023 Petful / Super Copy Editors LLC. Updated February 16, 2022 The following diagnostic plans have been developed primarily as an educational tool to assist the veterinarian in designing a complete, although not exhaustive, diagnostic strategy. Find one to work with. The vaccination protocol is an initial shot and a booster three weeks later. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. The canine 5-in-1 vaccine includes protection against canine distemper virus (indicated by the letter D), two types of adenovirus, aka hepatitis and kennel cough (named A, A2, or H), parainfluenza (P), and . Available for Android and iOS devices. One important thing to remember is that canine parainfluenza is not related to canine influenza. Dogs with clinical ICH show high fever followed by anorexia, thirst and conjunctivitis. The rest of the canine vaccines like corona, Lyme disease and leptospirosis, to name a few are considered nonessential and should be given to dogs only when a complete risk assessment about the dogs lifestyle has been made. The parvo vaccine is often designed to build those antibodies. Seek out one wholl accommodate your needs. Price: $202.50 . The distemper vaccine is a shot for dogs that will protect them from getting infected with the virus once they've received all the required doses. Here are three common side effects of dog vaccines and how to treat them, as well as several less-common conditions caused by vaccination. Responsible dog owners will consider the health of other dogs when making decisions about vaccines for their own dogs. Related Video: Which Vaccines Does My Pet Need? DAPP Vaccine Cost. [6] (see canine parvovirus) Puppies under 4 months old and unvaccinated canines are the most susceptible to the disease. This vaccination is an important protection for your dog and the dog owner, because rabies is a zoonosis, i.e. Duration of immunity for canine and feline vaccines: A review. Day, Michael J.,BVMS (Hon), PhD. So even if you do decide to vaccinate your dog for lepto, be sure to give it separately. Vaccination Recommendations for General Practice.Aaha.Org, https://www.aaha.org/aaha-guidelines/vaccination-canine-configuration/vaccination-recommendations-for-general-practice/. Select one or more newsletters to continue. So his solution was to wait until your puppy is 16 weeks old, and give ONE parvovirus, distemper and adenovirus vaccine. By 16 weeks of age, the puppy has a reasonably mature immune system, and the vaccine gives them protection for the next year. Distemper (FVRCP or DAPP/DHPP) Must complete booster series 3-4 weeks apart (2 part vaccine series for adults) If 5-6 weeks after initial vaccine, that is okay we tell owner's 3-4 weeks for scheduling. Feb. 2016. Then can get 1 yr. vaccine (must be given within 30 days after due date) Then can get 3 yr. vaccine (must be given within 30 days after due . Canine Vaccination Series: Part 1 | PetMD Pet Sunscreen Shop All. Contains CPV-2b, one of the most prevalent field strains of parvovirus. You can choose not to vaccinate your adult dog. In fact, any vaccine can cause a reaction in your dog. DHPP Vaccine for Dogs: Costs, Side Effects, and How it Works - Yahoo Animals with local reactions should be treated symptomatically, observed . NOBIVAC CANINE 3-DAPv PROVIDES PROVEN PROTECTION FOR DOGS. Canine parvovirus is highly contagious and causes damage to the GI tract, resulting in vomiting, bloody diarrhea, and rapid fluid and protein loss. Julia Henriques is Managing Editor of Dogs Naturally Magazine. Vets have a list of core vaccines, such as the rabies vaccine, recommended for every puppy. First, lets talk about puppies. Parvovirus is a highly contagious, life-threatening virus that causes severe gastrointestinal effects in dogs. Pet Vaccination Guide - Michigan Humane This stands for "Distemper, Adenovirus Type 2 (Hepatitis), Parvo, and Parainfluenza", meaning that this vaccine is protects against four . CAV-1, which is also known as infectious caninehepatitis, is the more serious of the two types. Canine Distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus Vaccine. Thats up for debate. Unfortunately, the early symptoms can be vague, so treatment is often too late. Vaccinations for Your Dog: the Upshot - American Kennel Club 2022 - Dogs Naturally Magazine Inc. DA2PP vaccines are modified live vaccines (MLV). Dog Vaccines | Pet Supplies | Valley Vet Puppies are the most susceptible but the disease only lasts about 24 hours and is characterized by lethargy, loss of appetite, and potent smelling, loose stool. Symptoms of kennel cough (whether viral or bacterial) include . Some veterinarians' recommended vaccine schedules may differ from this.[3]. The disease is passed from dog-to-dog by close spaces such as boarding venues, kennels, pounds, pet shops and contacted with infected material like bedding or through mucous membrane secretions like coughing or sneezing of the infected dog. Dogs whove recovered from hepatitis can shed the virus in their urine for 6 months. Aseptically rehydrate the freeze-dried vaccine with the sterile diluent provided, shake well, and administer 1 mL subcutaneously or intramuscularly. It could be something like . This respiratory disease can be caused by a handful of viruses, including bordetella bronchiseptica. Again, very young dogs are most susceptible, and the disease is made worse if the dog has concurrent distemper or parvovirus infections. Ive seen city practices charge triple that. Adenovirus type 2 is responsible for the infectious, viral disease kennel cough. Gaga has been given a DHPP vaccine every 3 years for the past 10 years. Owners may choose to decline the DA2PP vaccine, but this puts all dogs at risk because one sick dog can spread disease to numerous other dogs. Proof of prior vaccination required for 3-year rabies. This is an upper respiratory disease most associated with bronchitis and bronchiolitis (swelling of the bronchial tubes). See. Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease) canine parainfluenza virus. After that, the vaccine is given annually to maintain efficacy. What is a DA2PP vaccine? Pet Vaccines Explained - SPCA Tampa Bay If your dog is ill enough to have blood loss, he may need transfusions. Canine Parvovirus. American Veterinary Medical Association. A handy guide to protect dogs and prevent the spread of leptospirosis. DVMetrics assumes no liability, and each user assumes full risk, responsibility, and liability, related to its use of the DVMetrics service and data. The second P in DA2PPC stands for parainfluenza. Dog Pill Hiding Treats Shop All. Vaccinations given at clinics in pet stores may be more reasonably priced, but these places often up-sell unsuspecting pet lovers and might give unnecessary vaccinations costing you more money in the long run. Signs include coughing, nasal congestion and discharge, fever, lethargy, and loss of appetite. Signs of vaccine reaction may include vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, difficulty breathing, facial swelling, and collapse. Ask your vet to split up the vaccines and give them 3 weeks apart. 1 As a core vaccine, this cost is both necessary and well worth the investment. Holistic vets call these combination vaccines whombo combos because they understand the risks. Theres no cure, but your vet will likely recommend antibiotics and supportive care to combat dehydration as the virus runs its course. Sometimes you have to work a bit harder to find the right service providers. But actually, those boosters arent necessary. Your puppys breeder may even have given him the vaccine once or twice before you got him. Administer sequential doses at an interval of 24 weeks until at least 16 weeks of age. Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. Theyre more likely to have adverse reactions than bigger dogs. Available in a 25 x 1 mL dose presentation, Protection against CAV-1 and CAV-2 without the side effects associated with modified live CAV-1 vaccines, Systemic administration stimulates a strong IgG response, Protect against all known strains of Canine Parvovirus (CPV), including CPV-2C, No clinical signs of disease were seen in Nobivac-vaccinated puppies after challenge with mixed CPV-2b and CPV-2c strains, First published data showing protection against CPV-2c challenge, All vaccinated puppies were protected from disease, All control puppies developed disease and 50% died or were euthanized. If you adopted a dog from a shelter or rescue, he's probably . How Much Do Dog Vaccinations Cost? - DodoWell - The Dodo The cost is highly variable based on the individual hospital and the locality. Its often spread through sneezing or coughing, but can also be transmitted on surfaces. Copyright 2023 Animalytix LLC. The H in DHLPP stands for hepatitis, specifically infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) caused by an adenovirus. Historically, annual revaccination with this product was recommended. In addition to dogs, it also affects cats and other mammals, including humans. What is the DHPP Vaccine for Dogs? Infected standing water or bodies of water serve as a reservoir for the disease. Beginning symptoms of distemper in dogs include nose and eye discharge, coughing, and fever. All dogs considered stable and healthy to vaccinate should be immunized for rabies, distemper, canine parvovirus, and canine adenovirus-2 (hepatitis) (usually offered as a combined DAP vaccination). Vaccine Reactions in Dogs: Side Effects and What You Should Know - PetMD The DHLPP combination vaccine protects your dog against distemper, hepatitis, leptospirosis, parvo, and . Dogs will need regular vaccinations to keep their immunity topped up and protected against a number of dog diseases. If you adopt an adult from a shelter or rescue, theyll proudly state that hes up to date on vaccines. 2008 Conference of the AHVMA. It spreads through direct contact or through airborne exposure like sneezing or coughing. Every 3 years the protection should be refreshed. The DAPP vaccine may have some side effects. [Article] Schultz RD. But you do have other options, as long as you have a good holistic practitioner to work with. Dog Vaccines Shop All. It was and still is commonly called "the distemper vaccine," since the "D" in DHLPP stands for distemper, a common name for the canine virus properly called paramyxovirus. What Is DAPPV Vaccine? - petsbee.com Adverse Reactions to Vaccination.The Veterinary Clinics of North America. should you vaccinate your dog? - Animal Wellness Magazine Canine Adenovirus type 2 was formerly called hepatitis but does not refer to the type that is contagious to humans. This product has been shown to be efficacious in healthy animals. The AVMA has established standards regarding the DA2PP vaccine. Duration of immunity has not been established. Check the directories at theavh.org and ahvma.org. Animals with distemper can shed the virus into the environment. Basic Vaccine Schedule for Dogs | PetMD Vaccination is important for preventing serious diseases from affecting your dog. You can change your choices at any time by clicking on the 'Privacy dashboard' links on our sites and apps. Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (CIRDC), Feline Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Disease, Vaccines for Outdoor & All Cats Under One Year, Protects against all known strains of CPV, including CPV-2c, High antigenic mass (titer), low passage parvovirus vaccine, Canine vaccine containing CPV-2b, one of the most prevalent field strains of parvovirus, Protects against 2 types of adenovirus that cause hepatitis and respiratory disease in dogs, Provides disease coverage for commonly spread canine viruses, distemper, adenovirus types 1 and 2, parainfluenza and parvovirus in 1 formula, First to publish data showing protection against CPV-2c challenge, Multiple studies demonstrate the ability to override maternal antibodies, Primary vaccination may begin as early as 6 weeks. While its true that we over-vaccinated our pets in the past before we knew better danger can result from the pendulum of public opinion swinging too far to the other extreme, where too many dogs go unvaccinated and diseases that were under control begin to reemerge. Mortality Rate. They can affect his immune system, his skin, digestive system, endocrine system, and joint health. The need for this booster has not been established. Or find a mobile groomer wholl bring their van to your home. DNM RECOMMENDS: Four Leaf Rover offers Protect, a daily soil-based pre- and probiotic with ingredients that help remove heavy metals and other contaminants. Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, new drug approvals, alerts and updates. DA2PP is a multivalent vaccine for dogs that protects against the viruses indicated by the alphanumeric characters forming the abbreviation: D for canine distemper,[1] A2 for canine adenovirus type 2, which offers cross-protection to canine adenovirus type 1 (the more pathogenic of the two strains) (see Canine adenovirus),[1] the first P for canine parvovirus,[1] and the second P for parainfluenza. Proper Use and Handling of Vaccines in Animal Shelters - Maddie's Fund This occurs because the dog's . Coughing, fever, and nasal discharge are the major symptoms associated with infection. High antigenic mass (titer), low passage parvovirus vaccine. And even if they are, its a vaccine thats best avoided. Small Animal Practice, vol. Possible Side Effects of the DHPP Vaccine, Everything to Know About the Kennel Cough Vaccine, Everything You Need to Know About Puppy Vaccinations, Vaccination Recommendations for General Practice. Spread via coughs and sneezes. In rare cases, you may be able to persuade a rescue to let you handle vaccination yourself. If your dog has had a positive titer once, dont repeat the titers. There's no law or formal requirement for vets to follow their suggested schedules for annual dog vaccines. This combo vaccine is called the DA2P vaccine and includes the distemper vaccine, the . Vaccinating your puppy at an early age can help protect them from many potentially life-threatening illnesses. Puppies are affected most and require intense supportive veterinary care if they have any chance of survival. If you get a new dog, sooner or later youll have a discussion with your vet about vaccines. Canine parvovirus vaccination and immunisation failures: Are we far from disease eradication? Core dog vaccine. And leptospirosis vaccines should never be given without serious consideration. Adult animals with an unknown vaccination history can receive a single, initial DAP vaccine. The virus spreads directly from dog to dog through coughing and sneezing. Its a serious disease that gets harder to treat if your dog is in a more advanced state and has neurological symptoms. Most manufacturers combine these vaccines and include parainfluenza. Parvo can be fatal, especially in puppies. A protective immune response may not be elicited if animals are incubating an infectious disease, are malnourished or parasitized, are stressed due to shipment or environmental conditions, are otherwise immunocompromised, or the vaccine is not administered in accordance with label directions. Veterinary Microbiology. Different brands of the vaccine can be more expensive, and depending on where you get your dog vaccinated, you might also have to pay an exam fee. So how do you handle these situations? People hold strong opinions about vaccines and often defend their stance vehemently. So its the odd one out in the DHPP combo. Some practices bundle vaccinations or provide wellness plans, so the price of a single DHLPP vaccine is not clear. Or, if youre concerned hes protected you can get titers that confirm it. For dogs older than 16 weeks of age, two . Its the dog version of a human cold. This combination is considered a core vaccine. Solo-Jec 5 Dog Vaccine. Talk to us about a vaccination schedule for your pet to help prevent rabies, distemper, adenovirus, parvovirus, parainfluenza, leptospirosis, feline rhinotracheitis, calicivirus, panleukopenia, feline leukemia, Lyme disease, and more. The Bordetella vaccine is a noncore vaccine that is given to dogs that are frequently exposed to other dogs in boarding or social settings. This combo vaccine can even includenoncore vaccines, likeleptospirosis, which means your pup can get maximum protection without having to get multiple shots. The second core vaccine for dogs is often referred to as the DA2PP or DHPP vaccine. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Rabies is legally required. Thanks to all of you for taking time to think about vaccination and vaccinating appropriately. Suite 105 What Is a 5-in-1 Vaccine for Dogs? | PetMD Petful does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. So you can opt not to give your dog the DHPP Vaccine at all. Canine facilities, such as dog daycare centers, boarding . There is an altruistic side to vaccinating your pets. Most experts agree that the DHPP is an important part of keeping dogs healthy and recommend that all healthy dogs receive the DA2PP vaccine. And that includes puppies with undeveloped immune systems. Sunday, 10am - 7pm EST, MetLife Pet Insurance Coverage underwritten and issued by Independence American Insurance Company (IAIC), a Delaware insurance company, headquartered at 11333 N Scottsdale Rd, Ste 160, Scottsdale, AZ 85254 or Metropolitan General Insurance Company (MetGen), a Rhode Island insurance company, headquartered at 700 Quaker Lane, Warwick, RI 02886. Like most insurance policies, insurance policies issued by IAIC and MetGen contain certain deductibles, co-insurance, exclusions, exceptions, reductions, limitations, and terms for keeping them in force. Below is an estimate of dog vaccination costs to give you an idea of what to expect when discussing your puppy shot schedule with your veterinarian. If youre hiring a private trainer, ask them to come to your home or do training off their premises. But theres one that deserves special mention and thats DHLPP! Then the DHPP should be boosted again 1 year after the puppy vaccines. If you adopted a dog from a shelter or rescue, hes probably received a DHPP vaccine (or more) just in case. In adult dogs this is usually unnecessary. Puppies at least 6 weeks of age receive a dose every two to four weeks until they reach 16 weeks of age. However, this vaccine is not required by law in the United States (unlike the rabies vaccine, which is legally required in all 50 states). .
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