Encyclopedia of Black America. Why did I enjoy the movie? "In the old, heart-felt songs, whether it's the blues or gospel music, there's the distressed cry of a human being. At the request of the Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., Jackson participated in the Montgomery bus boycott. She sang songs of gospel composers such as T. A. Dorsey, songs which incorporated elements of earlier slave-music as well as the more recent ragtime, blues, and jazz. A great champion of the civil rights movement, Martin Luther King called her "a blessing to me [and] a blessing to Negroes who have . https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/jackson-mahalia, Boyer, Horace "Jackson, Mahalia According to Biography.com, Mahalia Jackson grew up on the south side of Chicago. For this a 2-click solution is used, which means that no data is sent to YouTube before you decide to start playback by clicking on the preview. Jackson's style was set early on: From Bessie Smith and Ma Rainey she borrowed a deep and dark resonance that complemented her own timbre; from the Baptist church she inherited the moaning and bending of final notes in phrases; and from the Sanctified church she adopted a full-throated tone, delivered with a holy beat. Participated in the civil rights movement, 1950-60s; performed I Been Buked and I Been Scorned as a preamble to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.s I Have a Dream speech, Washington D.C., 1963. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was to deliver his famous "I Have a Dream" speech at the March on Washington. How Did His Ex-Wife Mahalia Jackson Die? He remembered growing up on "all the great gospel singers," name-checking Mahalia Jackson. . Jackson, Mahalia, and Wylie, Evan McLeod, Movin On Up, Hawthorne Books, 1966. Contemporary Musicians. I had to straighten up and say, Now wed best remember were in Carnegie Hall and if we cut up too much, they might put us out. In her book, she also described a conversation with a reporter who asked her why she thought white people had taken to her traditionally black, church songs. Just Mahalia, Baby: The Mahalia Jackson Story. She was previously married to Minters Sigmund Galloway and Isaac Lanes Grey Hockenhull. She bought a Cadillac big enough for her to sleep in when she was performing in areas with hotels that failed to provide accommodations for blacks. Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History. For her efforts in helping international understanding she received the Silver Dove Award. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. When Little Haley (the nickname by which she was known as a child) tried out for the Baptist choir, she silenced the crowd by singing "I'm so glad, I'm so glad, I'm so glad I've been in the grave an' rose again. "She became known as "the little girl with the big voice. She toured Europe in the fall of 1971 but was hospitalized in Munich, West Germany, in October for coronary heart disease. In the northern city, to which thousands of southern blacks had migrated after the Civil War to escape segregation, she earned a living by washing white people's clothes for a dollar a day. In 1934 she received $25 for her first recording, Gods Gonna Separate the Wheat from the Tares., Though she sang traditional hymns and spirituals almost exclusively, Jackson continued to be fascinated by the blues. Born in New Orleans, Louisiana, after her family moved to Chicago as a teen with the aim of studying nursing, Jackson joined the Greater Salem Baptist Church and soon became a member of the Johnson Gospel Singers. Mahalia Jackson is heralded as one of the most influential singers of the 20th century. She was an actress, known for. We meet John as a child, where he is trying to get the director to hear him sing for a job. listeners: [], She was also commited to civil rights her entire life and established the Mahalia Jackson Scholarship Foundation for young people who wanted to attend college. Make a Joyful Noise Unto the Lord , Columbia. In her bedroom at night, young Mahalia would quietly sing the songs of blues legend Bessie Smith. She listened to the rhythms of the woodpeckers, the rumblings of the trains, the whistles of the steamboats, the songs of sailors and street peddlers. Jacksons continuing popularity led to a series of posthumous record releases and awards. Records the time of the last page load. It will last as long as any music because it is sung straight from the human heart. She returned to recording in October 1946 for Apollo Records. At her audition for the choir, her thunderous voice rose above all the others. She was invited to be a soloist and started singing additionally with a quintet that performed at funerals and church services throughout the city. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. 19. Some videos on our website include YouTube videos. The Jacksons' Water Street home, a shack between the railroad tracks and the levee of the Mississippi River, was served by a pump that delivered water so dirty that cornmeal had to be used as a filtering agent. Gospel singer. She made her Carnegie Hall debut in October 1950 and toured Europe in 1952. (Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. As a child, Mahalia was taken in by the sounds of New Orleans. Orange Is the New Black star Danielle Brooks stars as the singer in Lifetimes biopic. 50thanniversary of death on 27January 2022, Biography Yahoo fa parte della famiglia di brand di Yahoo. Mahalia also appeared in the movies Imitation of Life, St. Louis Blues, The Best Man and I Remember Chicago. Singer Ella Fitzgerald described Jackson as "one of our greatest ambassadors of love this wonderful woman who only comes once in a lifetime. She wrote in her autobiography, Movin On Up: I feel God heard me and wanted me to devote my life to his songs and that is why he suffered my prayers to be answeredso that nothing would distract me from being a gospel singer., Later in her career, Jackson continued to turn down lucrative requests to sing in nightclubsshe was offered as much as $25,000 a performance in Las Vegaseven when the club owners promised not to serve whisky while she performed. Industries Civil Rights Music. On October 4, 1950, Jackson played to a packed house of blacks and whites at Carnegie Hall in New York City. https://www.amazon.de/gp/help/customer/display.html?ie=UTF8&nodeId=201909010&ref_=footer_privacy. She returned to Chicago after five years on the road and opened a beauty salon and a flower shop, both of which drew customers from the gospel and church communities. President Nixon in a White House statement said, "America and the world, black people and all people, today mourn the passing of Mahalia Jackson. In later life she would admit that although she was a thoroughgoing Baptist, the Sanctified church next door to her house had had a powerful influence on her singing, for although the members had neither choir nor organ, they sang accompanied by a drum, tambourine, and steel triangle. Jackson had a hysterectomy as she was diagnosed with sarcoidosis. Though born into an extremely religious New Orleans family, she spent hours listening to the recordings of blues singers Bessie Smith and Ma Rainey and could be found at every parade that passed her neighborhood of Pinching Town in New Orleans. She married Isaac Hockenhull, a mail carrier, in 1938; the marriage ended in divorce. Three days later in her home town of New Orleans, the scene repeated itself with thousands paying tribute, this time at the great hall of Rivergate Convention Center. Throughout her celebrated career, gospel singer Mahalia Jackson used her rich, forceful voice and inspiring interpretations of spirituals to move audiences around the world to tears of joy. This was a Robin Roberts movie great job Robin! Includes photographs. Gospel music is nothing but singing of good tidings - spreading the good news. Jackson also had a successful 1952 tour abroad in Europe, and she was especially popular in France and Norway. Jackson began touring again, only this time she did it not as the hand-to-mouth singer who had toured with Dorsey years before. One of the most rewarding concerts for her took place in Israel, where she sang before an audience of Jews, Muslims, and Christians. Mar 1972 - Evergreen Park, Illinois, U.S. Jan 27 1972 - Evergreen Park, United States, New Orleans, Orleans Parish, Louisiana, United States, Evergreen Park, Cook County, Illinois, United States, Providence Memorial Park, Metairie, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, United States, Selma to Montgomery marches March 725, 1965 (18 days), Alabama with Counties, Cities, and Towns Project, U.S. Social Security Applications and Claims, 1936-2007, Metairie, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, United States. Make a Joyful Noise Unto the Lord, Columbia. In 1935 Thomas A. Dorsey persuaded her to become his official song demonstrator, a position she held until 1945. Sources. callback: cb In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Preserves users states across page requests. This action had been prompted by Rosa Parks's refusal to move from a bus seat reserved for whites. If set to yes, allows additional cookies to store guest user information for use when filling out comment forms. We had several Mahalia Jackson albums, but the one I remember most was her Christmas album. Rosen, Isaac "Jackson, Mahalia She toured Europe again in 1962 and 1963-64, and in 1970 she performed in Africa, Japan, and India. ." This information may be shared with other advertisers and/or websites to deliver more relevant advertising to you across multiple websites. ." She soon opened her own beauty shop, the first of her sevral business ventures. Mahalia Jackson had to quit school early to earn money as a laundress, but in 1928 she made her way to Chicago where she hoped for better opportunities than the South offered. After searching for the right church to join, a place whose music spoke to her, she ended up at the Greater Salem Baptist Church, to which her aunt belonged. She appears on a 32 cent U.S. postage stamp, in the Legends of American Music series, that debuted 7/15/98 in New Orleans, Louisiana. Mellers, Wilfred. Typically used for form or error message returns. 5 vols. During the famous March on Washington in 1963, seconds before Dr. King delivered his celebrated I Have a Dream speech, Jackson sang the old inspirational, I Been Buked and I Been Scorned to over 200,000 people. John A. Jackson Jr. Mahalia Jackson was married twice, first to Sigmond Galloway (1964-1967) and second Issac Hockenhull (1936-1941). Adult John is then played by Benjamin Charles Watson. Jackson, Mahalia, and Wylie, Evan McLeod, Movin On Up , Hawthorne Books, 1966. Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History. Her recording of Move On Up a Little Higher was a civil rights song, and was a major hit. ." [It] sold like wildfire, Alex Haley wrote in Readers Digest. She wrote in her autobiography: "Gospel music is nothing but singing of good tidings-spreading the good news. During her last years Jackson was often ill; she died in Evergreen Park, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago, of a heart condition and was buried in New Orleans. These cookies are usually placed by third-party advertising networks, which may use information about your website visits to develop a profile of your interests. Undergoing a hysterectomy meant that she could not have any children of her own. Email address specified when posting a comment and you chose to save your info. That same year she was signed to Decca Records and made her recording debut in May. 2003. With the blues, when you finish, you still have the blues. In the same year she moved to the Columbia label, becoming a crossover gospel singer through her first recording on that label, "Rusty Old Halo." ." Although she made her first recordings in 1937 for Decca, it was not until 1946, when she switched to the small Apollo label, that Jackson established a national reputation in the African-American community. Rosen, Isaac "Jackson, Mahalia 19111972 Saint Louis: Fireside Books, 1985. Jackson, Jesse, Make a Joyful Noise Unto the Lord!, G.K. Hall, 1974. 2023 . . She sang first at her fathers church. She married Isaac Hockenhull in 1936, with the two later divorcing. Retrieved April 27, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/jackson-mahalia. Jackson, Jesse, Make a Joyful Noise Unto the Lord! She was a noblewoman, an artist without peer, a magnetic ambassador of goodwill for the United States in other lands, an exemplary servant of her God. Jackson began touring again, only this time she did it not as the hand-to-mouth singer who had toured with Dorsey years before. ); Encyclopedia.com. It will last as long as any music because it is sung straight from the human heart. I had to straighten up and say, 'Now we'd best remember we're in Carnegie Hall and if we cut up too much, they might put us out."' actor Jill Scott will play the Queen of Gospel, Mahalia Jackson, in Mahalia!, a new big-screen take that's. Following the death of her mother when she was five, she was raised by an aunt. She recounted in her autobiography how she reacted to the jubilant audience. Name specified when posting a comment and you chose to save your info. London: Macmillan, 1986. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Jackson's attention turned to the growing civil rights movement in the United States. . The VG Wort cookie helps determine the likelihood of our texts being copied and ensures that authors and publishers are compensated for legal claims. The videos are then integrated using YouTube's extended data protection mode. As a child she started singing almost as soon as [she] was walking and talking. She loved music from an early age not only the hymns in her Mount Moriah Baptist Church, but the whole range of music in New Orleans, from the brass bands in the streets, the jazz of Jelly Roll Morton or the recorded blues of Bessie Smith to the uninhibited, emotional singing, clapping and stomping of the many small pentecostal or Holiness churches. event : evt, Follow her on Twitter @LyndiaGrant and on Facebook. Move On Up a Little Higher came a long way back in 1947, it sold millions of copies and became the highest selling gospel single in history. Did Mahalia Jackson ever get married? At a Glance . Its future is brighter than a daisy.. Her father John A. Jackson, was a stevedore, barber and minister and her mother Charity Clark (who died when Mahalia was five) was a maid and laundress. This is an inflammatory disease that causes immune cells to form lumps in the bodys organs. Mahalia Jackson. Encyclopedia of World Biography Supplement, Vol. Mahalia Jackson was married and divorced twice; her husbands were apparently not able to accept her independence and dedication as a serious religious singer in the long run. Jackson appeared on a United States postage stamp in 1998. Mahalia was named after her aunt, who was known as Aunt Duke, popularly known as Mahalia Clark-Paul. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1971. She never dismissed the blues as antireligious, like her relatives had done: it was simply a matter of the vow she had made, as well as a matter of inspiration. Long before contemporary rap albums carried parental-advisory warnings, Millie Jacksons highly charged, Michael Jackson Christian Century magazine reported that at the funeral, which was attended by over six thousand fans, singer Ella Fitzgerald described Jackson as one of our greatest ambassadors of love this wonderful woman who only comes once in a lifetime.. Who is the actress from the Insure on the Spot ads. } At the request of the Reverend Martin Luther King, Jackson participated in the Montgomery bus boycott, the ground-breaking demonstration that had been prompted by Alabaman Rosa Parkss refusal to move from a bus seat reserved for whites. Black Women in America: An Historical Encyclopedia. Mahalia JacksonThe Worlds Greatest Gospel Singer and the Falls-Jones Ensemble , Columbia. } Contemporary Musicians. Selected discography Vol 1. Jackson died in Chicago on January 27, 1972, never having fulfilled her dream of building a nondenominational temple, where people could sing, celebrate life, and nurture the talents of children. Come On, Children, Lets Sing , Columbia. (scholarly and critical biography). [CDATA[ Mahalia Jackson (1911 - 1972) was the preeminent gospel singer of the 20th century, her career spanning from about 1931 to 1971. But it was in her music that she found her spirit most eloquently expressed. The recording sold 100,000 copies overnight and soon passed the two-million mark. Best Known For: 20th-century recording artist Mahalia Jackson, known as the Queen of Gospel, is revered as one of the greatest musical figures in U.S. history. 1992. My love for Mahalia Jackson began for me and my family as a child, when our mother would share with us how she cleaned and pressed the clothing of Mahalia Jackson. Encyclopedia.com. Encyclopedia.com. She was posthumously awarded a Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for Recording at 6840 Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood, California on September 1, 1988. Widely considered the best gospel singer of her generation, Jackson was certainly the best known, with a career that embraced radio, television, and film as well as a major-label record contract. These cookies help us personalize content and functionality for you, including remembering changes you have made to parts of the website that you can customize, or selections for services made on previous visits. In the gospel songs, there's mourning and sorrow, too, but there's always hope and consolation to lift you above it. The woman who would become known as the Gospel Queen was born in 1911 to a poor family in New Orleans, Louisiana. At her audition for the choir, Jacksons thunderous voice rose above all the others. Then there was the 1963 March on Washington where she sang at the request ofDr. Martin Luther King Jr. She became one of gospel musics all-time greats, known for her rich, powerful voice that caused her to have fans world-wide. "Mahalia" barely touches on Jackson's relationship to other famous jazz, blues and gospel singers, including Aretha Franklin, who met Jackson when she was a child . Gale Group, 1999. It didnt appear she set out to become famous, she just loved to sing. As the "Queen of Gospel," Mahalia Jackson sang all over the world, performing with the same passion at the presidential inauguration of John F. Kennedy that she exhibited when she sang at fundraising events for the African American freedom struggle. There is no cure, but the disease can be alleviated through surgery. She also stored food in the car so that when she visited the segregated South she wouldn't have to sit in the backs of restaurants. She was the first gospel singer to be given a network radio show when, in 1954, CBS signed her for a weekly show on which she was the host and star. This was the last farewell from the City of Chicago to one of its most famous daughters, an adopted daughter who came up from New Orleans when she was 17 and made her home here until she died of a heart ailment last Thursday at the age of 60. "Jackson, Mahalia . document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); We proudly serve the African-American community families, neighborhoods, businesses, people of faith and more in the DMV. In March 1960 the film Jazz on a Summers Day, a documentary of the 1958 Newport Jazz Festival featuring Jackson, was released. One of her most rewarding concerts took place in Israel, where she sang before an audience of Jews, Muslims, and Christians. ", Though she sang traditional hymns and spirituals almost exclusively, Jackson continued to be fascinated by the blues. She was invited to be a soloist and started singing with a quintet that performed A native of New Orleans, she grew up poor, but began singing at the age of 4 at the Mount Moriah Baptist Church. Goreau, L., Just Mahalia, Baby , Pelican, 1975. Coauthored autobiography, Movin On Up, Hawthorne Books, 1966. ambition to become a nurse, Jackson went to Chicago to live with her Aunt Hannah. *Levine, Lawrence W. Mahalia Jackson. Notable American Women: The Modern Period. Their relationship is examined in the new Lifetime biopic, Robin Roberts Presents: Mahalia. In 1934 she received $25 for her first recording, Gods Gonna Separate the Wheat from the Tares., Though she sang traditional hymns and spirituals almost exclusively, Jackson continued to be fascinated by the blues. She first toured Europe in 1952, and was hailed by critics as the world's greatest gospel singer. On October 4, 1950, Jackson played to a packed house of blacks and whites at New York's Carnegie Hall. For additional information please consult the German version. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. She bought a Cadillac big enough for her to New York, Oxford University Press. Tempted by the Blues. In the gospel songs, theres mourning and sorrow, too, but theres always hope and consolation to lift you above it., In 1939 Jackson started touring with renowned composer Thomas A. Dorsey. In addition, she was inspired by the secular music all around her, including jazz. Theres no sense in my singing the blues, because I just dont feel it, she was quoted as saying in Harpers magazine in 1956. It was in 1929 that Mahalia met the composer Thomas A. Dorsey, known as the Father of Gospel Music and in the mid 1930's they began a fourteen-year association of touring, with Mahalia singing Dorsey's songs at church programs and at conventions. Jackson died in 1972, never having fulfilled her dream of building a nondenominational, nonsectarian temple in Chicago, where people could sing, celebrate life, and nurture the talents of children. Reigned as " Gospel Queen ". Photo by Don Cravens/The LIFE Images Collection via Getty Images/Getty Images, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bQfv2QTs4tc. While Mahalia Jackson did not have any children of her own, she raised a child named John. Farmington Hills, Mich.: The Gale Group. During the Washington protest march in 1963, seconds before Dr. King delivered his famous I Have a Dream speech, Jackson sang the old inspirational, I Been Buked and I Been Scorned to over 200,000 people. Shout unto the Lord with the voice of a trumpet!. Their relationship is examined in the new Lifetime biopic, Robin Roberts Presents: Mahalia. Move On Up a Little Higher became her signature song. Her singing combined powerful vitality with dignity and strong religious beliefts. "There's no sense in my singing the blues, because I just don't feel it," she was quoted as saying in Harper's magazine in 1956. Toward the end of her life, she suffered from heart trouble but continued to sing until her death in Chicago. Mahalia finds young John (played by Keenan Mentzos) and takes him in. Encyclopedia of World Biography. 2003. Black News, Commentary and Culture | The Washington Informer. She married Isaac Hockenhull in 1936, with the two later divorcing. . Rosen, Isaac "Jackson, Mahalia 19111972 Her mother, a devout Baptist who died when Mahalia was five, took care of the six Jackson children and the house, using washed-up driftwood and planks from old barges to fuel the stove. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. She never dismissed the blues as anti-religious, like her relatives had done: it was simply a matter of the vow she had made, as well as a matter of inspiration. Born October 26, 1911, in New Orleans, LA; died of heart failure, January 27, 1972, in Chicago, IL; daughter of Johnny (a longshoreman, barber, and preacher) and Charity (a laundress and maid; maiden name, Clark) Jackson; married Isaac Hockenhull (an entrepreneur), 1936 (divorced); married Sigmund Galloway (divorced). A security cookie used to identify the user and prevent Cross Site Request Forgery attacks. Required fields are marked *. Her album Sweet Little Jesus Boy, a Christmas recording, reached the pop charts in January 1962, and in the Christmas season of 1962, Apollo Records reissued her 1950 recording of Silent Night, Holy Night (music by Franz Gruber, lyrics by Joseph Mohr) for a chart entry; it made the Christmas charts in 1964, 1967, 1968, 1969, and 1973. She grew up in the neighbourhood of Black Pearl area in the region of Carrolton area located in the uptown part of New Orleans. Literature & Sources. window.mc4wp = window.mc4wp || { Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. But in the blues, its all despair; when youre done singing, youre still lonely and sorrowful. As the writer Jesse Jackson (not related to the civil rights leader) said in his biography of Mahalia, Make a Joyful Noise Unto the Lord!, "It was like choosing between the devil and God. Family (1) Spouse 27 Apr. } Jackson married Sigmund Galloway, a musician, in 1964; they divorced in 1967. Donloe, Darlene. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/mahalia-jackson, "Mahalia Jackson One of the most rewarding concerts for her took place in Israel, where she sang before an audience of Jews, Muslims, and Christians. He discussed the sounds that moved him during a 2005 interview for New York Magazine. It was very enjoyable to see the story of the life of Mahalia Jackson, starring Danielle Brooks as Mahalia. In gospel songs, they told her, music was the cherished vehicle of religious faith. Dorsey later stated that Jackson "had a lot of soul in her singing: she meant what she sang.". When Little Haley (the nickname by which she was known as a child) tried out for the Baptist choir, she silenced the crowd by singing Im so glad, Im so glad, Im so glad, Ive been in the grave an rose again. She became known as the little girl with the big voice.. //]]>. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. After searching for the right church to join, a place whose music spoke to her, she ended up at the Greater Salem Baptist Church, to which her aunt belonged. Retrieved April 27, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/jackson-mahalia. The film was released on 3 April 2021. In gospel songs, they told her, music was the cherished vehicle of religious faith. During the famous March on Washington in 1963, seconds before Dr. King delivered his celebrated "I Have a Dream" speech, Jackson sang the old inspirational, "I Been 'Buked and I Been Scorned" to over 200,000 people. That was important to me.. Her rendition of "I've Been Buked and I've Been Scorned" contributed to the success of King's speech. It was very enjoyable to see the story of the life of Mahalia Jackson, starring Danielle Brooks as Mahalia. 2023 . (Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Revised, New York: Limelight Editions; Distributed by Harper & Row, 1985. Closely associated for the last decade with the black civil rights . well aware of the injustice engendered by the Jim Crow laws that enforced racial segregation in the South. We had one with excellent speakers, it was a beautiful, wooden cabinet with built in speakers, radio and record player. Gretna, Louisiana, Pelican Publishing, 1984. Best Loved Hymns of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. , Columbia. Contemporary Black Biography. Southern, Eileen. As the writer Jesse Jackson (not related to the civil rights leader) said in his biography of Mahalia, Make a Joyful Noise Unto the Lord!, It was like choosing between the devil and God. (Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. This cookie is only set if you submit a comment. Encyclopedia of World Biography. She began singing in church as a child in New Orleans, then moved to Chicago as an adolescent and joined Chicago's first gospel group, the Johnson Singers. Mahalia Jackson was born to Charity Clark and Johnny Jackson on October 26, 1911 ( per Biography ). 27 Apr. Mahalia Jackson ( / mheli / m-HAY-lee-; born Mahala Jackson; October 26, 1911 - January 27, 1972) [a] was an American gospel singer, widely considered one of the most influential vocalists of the 20th century.
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